Affirmative Statements

This is a book. She is a student.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, you are, they are

Negation

He is not a teacher.

Contractions

I'm, you're, he's, she's, it's, we're, you're, they're, isn't, aren't

Yes/No Questions

Is he a policeman?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, he is a policeman. Yes, he is.
No, he's not (he isn't) a policeman. No, he isn't.

Choice Questions

Is that a desk or a table? That's a table.

Question Words

What is this? What's your name? Who is he? Where are they?

Tag Questions

You're a student, aren't you? You aren't a doctor, are you?

Affirmative Commands

Sit down. Please help me. Hang up your coat. Let's go.

Conjugation

Always use the infinitive with imperative sentences.

Negation

Don't talk. Please don't stand here.

Contractions

don't

Affirmative Statements

He is reading. They are standing up.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

I am walking. You are working. She is reading. We are writing. They are singing.

Negation

They are not reading.

Contractions

I'm, you're, he's, she's, it's, we're, you're, they're, isn't, aren't

Yes/No Questions

Is he reading?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, he's reading. Yes, he is.
No, he's not reading. No, he isn't.

Choice Questions

Is he reading or writing? He's writing.

Question Words

What is he doing? What is he reading? What is he waiting for? Where is he going? Who is looking at Mary?
Note: Who is Mary looking at? should be taught separately.

Tag Questions

They're not coming, are they? He's singing, isn't he?

Affirmative Statements

She writes. They sing. I want to go.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

I know, you know, he knows, she knows, it knows, we know, you know, they know

Negation

He does not like dogs. I do not ski.

Contractions

doesn't, don't

Irregular

have / has, go / goes, do / does

Yes/No Questions

Does he read? Do they swim?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, he reads. Yes, he does.
No, they don't swim. No, they don't.

Choice Questions

Does he walk or ride? He walks.

Question Words

What does she do? What do they like? Who does he see? Where do you live? Who sees Mary?

Tag Questions

He likes soup, doesn't he? He doesn't like milk, does he?
They want to help, don't they? They don't want to eat, do they?

Affirmative Statements

John is going to swim tomorrow.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

"Be" present + "going to" + infinitive.
Contrast with present progressive.

Negation

I am not going to work tonight.

Contractions

I'm, you're, he's, she's, it's, we're, you're, they're, isn't, aren't

Yes/No Questions

Are they going to play?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, they are going to play. Yes, they are.
No, they aren't going to play. No, they aren't.

Choice Questions

Are they going to walk or run to school?

Question Words

What are they going to do? What is she going to play? Who is she going to see? Where are they going to go?

Tag Questions

They're going to come, aren't they? They aren't going to leave, are they?

Affirmative Statements

We will work.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

"will" + infinitive

Negation

He will not help us.

Contractions

I'll, you'll, he'll, she'll, we'll, you'll, they'll, won't

Yes/No Questions

Will you help me?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, I will help you. Yes, I will.
No, I won't help you. No, I won't.

Choice Questions

Will he swim or eat?

Question Words

What will he do? What will they read? Where will she go? Who will I see?

Tag Questions

He'll play basketball, won't he? He won't work, will he?

Affirmative Statements

I may go. I might go. I must go.
I should go. I shall go. (shall v. will)
I could go. I can go.
I would go. I will go.
I have to go. I ought to go.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

Auxiliary verb + infinitive

Negation

I can not go. He should not eat.

Contractions

can't, shouldn't, couldn't, wouldn't, won't

Yes/No Questions

May I go?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, you may go. Yes, you may.
No, you may not go. No, you may not.

Choice Questions

Can he swim or ski?

Question Words

Who can he see? What should we do? Why couldn't he play? Where shall we stop? Which coat can you wear?

Tag Questions

I can eat, can't I? We shouldn't play, should we?

Affirmative Statements

He jumped. They left.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

Conjugated the same for all persons.
Teach regular, then irregular, then mix regular and irregular verbs.

Negation

He did not win.

Contractions

didn't

Irregular

See chart.

Yes/No Questions

Did you see the fireman?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, I saw the fireman. Yes, I did.
No, I didn't see the fireman. No, I didn't.

Choice Questions

Did you jump rope or play ball?

Question Words

What did you see? Who did you find? Where did he go?

Tag Questions

He laughed, didn't he? He didn't cry, did he?

Affirmative Statements

He was in the house. They were talking.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

I was, you were, he was, she was, it was, we were, you were, they were

Negation

He was not at school.

Contractions

wasn't, weren't

Irregular

was, were

Yes/No Questions

Were you at school? Were they talking?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, I was at school. Yes, I was.
No, they weren't talking. No, they weren't.

Choice Questions

Was it black or white? It was black.

Question Words

Who was here? What was the boy doing? Where was Jody?

Tag Questions

She was pretty, wasn't she? He wasn't a teacher, was he?

Affirmative Statements

He has gone. They have been there.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

I have seen, you have seen, s/he has seen, we have seen, you have seen, they have seen

Negation

They have not left. He has not tried.

Contractions

I've, you've, he's, she's, it's, we've, you've, they've, hasn't, haven't

Irregular

See chart. For regular verbs, use past tense.

Yes/No Questions

Has he left? Have they studied?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, he has left. Yes, he has.
No, they haven't studied. No, they haven't.

Choice Questions

Have you written or talked with her?

Question Words

What have you done? Where have you been? Who have you seen? What have you written? Which books have you read? Why haven't you done your work? How have you been?

Tag Questions

You've been reading, haven't you? You haven't seen her, have you?

Affirmative Statements

They had finished work.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

"had" + verb

Negation

He had not talked to her.

Contractions

I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, we'd, you'd, they'd, hadn't

Irregular

See chart. For regular verbs, use past tense.

Yes/No Questions

Had he lived there?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, he had lived there. Yes, he had.
No, he hadn't lived there. No, he hadn't.

Choice Questions

Had they won or lost?

Question Words

What had he done? Where had he gone? Who had he seen? Why had he left? Which one had he wanted?

Tag Questions

He had seen the man, hadn't he? She hadn't fed the dog, had she?

Affirmative Statements

I have been reading. He has been talking. They had been singing.

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

He _____ been working.
You _____ been sleeping.
They _____ been studying before dinner.

Negation

She has not been eating.

Contractions

Review contractions from present and past perfect.

Yes/No Questions

Have they been studying?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, they've been studying. Yes, they have.
No, they haven't been studying. No, they haven't.

Choice Questions

Have you been laughing or crying?
I've been laughing.

Question Words

What has he been doing? Where have they been living? How have you been feeling?

Tag Questions

He's been running, hasn't he? You haven't been driving, have you?

Affirmative Statements

The fish was eaten (by the cat).
The tables were moved (by the men).

Conjugation and
Subject-Verb Agreement

was/were + perfect

Negation

His work was not done.

Contractions

wasn't, weren't

Irregular

Irregular form as in perfect tenses, but drop have / has auxiliary.

Yes/No Questions

Was the door opened? Were the apples eaten?

Long/Short Answers

Yes, the door was opened. Yes, it was.
No, the apples weren't eaten. No, they weren't.

Choice Questions

Was the ball hit or thorwn? It was hit.

Question Words

When was the book written? Why was the bird killed?

Tag Questions

It was used, wasn't it? They weren't taken, were they?